CHAPTER 17 WATER USE AND MANAGEMENT
Chapter Overview
Water is a vital resource that is essential to life. Where water is stored on Earth is
important to the study of AP Environmental Science. Knowing that agriculture
uses the greatest amount of water worldwide is fundamental information. Dams
provide both benefits to humans and causes problems for people as well as
ecosystems. Issues surrounding water diversion projects are very significant
ideas. Conservation is a topic that will become increasingly important to the
study of Environmental Science.
Schedule:
Monday - Chapter 16 test and Case Study
Tuesday - Cornell Notes and Socratic Seminar Sections 17.1-17.4
DOL Practice Questions
Wednesday -
Cornell Notes and Socratic Seminar Sections 17.5;
Air Pollution Lab Report Due
Drop by Drop Water Activity
DOL Practice Questions
Thursday - Cornell Notes and Socratic Seminar Sections 17.6
Chapter 17 Quiz
Water Diversion Activity
In this activity, the students will be assigned a specific water diversion project.
Both the historical significance of the project along with the future implications
of the project will be investigated. The students can either make a poster or a
PowerPoint of their particular project. Students should include a cost/benefit
analysis from both an economic and environmental standpoint.
Drop by Drop Water Activity
Friday - Cornell Notes and Socratic Seminar Sections 17.7
Free Response Strategies
Free Response Question
Cornell Questions for Review and Powerpoint
1. What activity, in the United States, accounts for the largest water
consumption? In the world?
2. What three factors control global water deficits and surpluses?
3. What is an aquifer? How does it function to maintain water supplies?
4. What are water diversion projects? How are they useful in providing
freshwater? How are they harmful to natural ecosystems?
5. One of the suggestions for conserving water is, “Don’t dump anything down a
storm sewer that you wouldn’t want to drink.” How does the message in the
statement relate to the hydrologic cycle?
DOL Practice Questions
Multiple Choice:
Directions for questions 1-5: The lettered choices below correspond to the
descriptions given in questions 1-5. Select the one lettered choice that best fits
each statement. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(A) artesian well
(B) subsidence
(C) saltwater intrusion
(D) aquifer
(E) drip irrigation
1. usually results in a sinkhole
2. occurs in coastal areas
3. often results when water is overdrawn from a ground source
4. pressurized water source resulting in a spring
5. porous rock layer below the water table
6. The area where water infiltrates into an aquifer is called a(n)
_________________.
(A) zone of aeration
(B) zone of saturation
(C) recharge zone
(D) water table
(E) artesian well
7. Lake Mead loses 1.3 billion m3 of water due to evaporation every year. How
many years will it take for Lake Mead to lose 13 billion m3 of water?
(A) 5 years
(B) 8 years
(C) 10 years
(D) 20 years
(E) 30 years
8. What is the smallest compartment by volume for water storage?
(A) oceans
(B) glaciers
(C) atmosphere
(D) aquifers
(E) lakes, ponds, rivers and streams
9. All of the following are consequences of drought EXCEPT
(A) topsoil loss
(B) vegetation loss
(C) greater infiltration of water
(D) animal migration
(E) disruption of native plants undermining natural adaptations to low
moisture levels
10. The IPCC has warned of threats to exacerbate water shortages due to
________________.
(A) global climate change
(B) ozone depletion
(C) agricultural production
(D) the underuse of water supplies
(E) the use of drip irrigation
Free-Response Question:
Directions: Answer all parts of the following question. Where explanation or
discussion is required, support your answers with relevant information and/or
specific examples. When a calculation is required, be sure to show how you
arrived at your answer.
1. The Leaky family is comprised of 4 individuals. Each person showers daily for
5 minutes. Their shower head flows at 20 gallons per minute. The price of
their water is $0.10 per 100 gallons.
(a) How much water does the family use showering daily?
(b) Calculate the cost of the family’s showers for one month (assume a 30-day
month).
(c) Suppose the family has a “leaky” faucet. The faucet leaks at a rate of 1 drop
per second. 5 drops equal 1 mL. Calculate the volume of water wasted
from the leaky faucet in one minute.
(d) Describe THREE actions the family can take to conserve water.
Monday, January 25, 2016
Friday, January 22, 2016
Tuesday, January 19, 2016
Chapter 16 Air Pollution
1/19/2016
Today, Monday, we will complete our online test for Chapter 15.
CHAPTER 16 AIR POLLUTION
Powerpoint
Chapter Overview
This chapter explains the different types of air pollution. Sources of air pollution, both natural and anthropogenic, are discussed in this chapter. The effects of air pollution are also considered as well as remediation and prevention of air pollutants.
Chapter 16 Case Study, "The Great London Smog," (pg 346) due Monday
Cornell Notes Questions and DOL are due Friday
Questions for Review
1. What are secondary pollutants and how are they formed from chemical reactions with primary pollutants?
2. What are natural sources of air quality degradation? What are anthropogenic sources of air pollution?
3. What is the difference between stratospheric ozone and tropospheric ozone?
4. Why is indoor air pollution more dangerous than outdoor air pollution? What is an example of one such pollutant in your house and what could you do to eliminate this pollutant from your indoor air?
Practice Questions
Multiple Choice:Directions for questions 1-5: The lettered choices below correspond to the descriptions given in questions 1-5. Select the one lettered choice that best fits each statement. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(A) NOx
(B) SOx
(C) O3
(D) CFCs
(E) VOCs
1. responsible for ozone depletion
2. shields Earth from UV rays
3. produced primarily by burning coal
4. produced primarily by fuel combustion in transportation
5. methane is one that is produced in rice paddies by bacteria
6. About 70% of airborne mercury is derived from all of the following EXCEPT
(A) burning coal
(B) smelting of metal ores
(C) mining
(D) waste incineration
(E) flooding behind a dam
7. In order for precipitation to be considered acidic, the pH of acid precipitation
must be _____________.
(A) below 7
(B) below 5.6
(C) between 4-6
(D) below 6.5
(E) between 6-7
Use the following graph to answer questions 8-10
8. What is one likely reason that all pollutants decreased with the exceptions of
nitrogen oxides and particulates?
(A) Population has decreased.
(B) All pollution has increased.
(C) Emissions criteria for all pollutants EXCEPT NOx and particulates have decreased.
(D) Economic activity has increased.
(E) Economic activity has decreased.
9. The primary reason for the decrease in CO is
(A) increased biofuel production
(B) increased fuel efficiency in cars
(C) electrostatic precipitators required at all power plants
(D) catalytic converters required on all cars
(E) smokestack scrubbers
10. With reference to the graphs, what is the significance of the date 1970?
(A) The Clean Air Act was ratified by Congress and signed into law by the President.
(B) The hippie generation started their war to save the environment.
(C) President Kennedy signed NEPA into law.
(D) Rachel Carson’s book told of the dangers of air pollutants.
(E) There was a general awareness of the dangers of pesticides.
Free-Response Question: During class Thursday
Directions: Answer all parts of the following question. Where explanation or discussion is required, support your answers with relevant information and/or specific examples. When a calculation is required, be sure to show how you arrived at your answer.
1. Heavy metals and other pollutants are products of our industrialized society.
(a) Identify TWO heavy metals.
(i) For one of the heavy metals identified in part (a), explain
how that substance finds its way into the human body.
(ii) For one of the heavy metals identified in part (a), describe
a possible health effect that results from exposure to that
substance.
(b) Identify TWO pollutants that result from burning fossil fuels.
You may not use any of the heavy metals you gave in part
(a).
(i) For one of the pollutants identified in part (b), identify an
environmental effect that results from that pollutant.
(ii) For one of the pollutants identified in part (b), explain
a method to reduce the production of that pollutant.
(c) Identify and describe ONE federal law that may help
regulate the pollutants described in the previous sections.
Ocean Acidification Activity complete in class Friday
Student:_________________________________________________
Procedure:
1. Put 50 mL of ocean water in a beaker.
2. Place a few drops of bromothymol blue into the ocean water. Record the color.
3. Use pH paper to record the initial pH of the ocean water. Create a data table for initial, middle, and final pH and color.
4. Using a straw, blow into the ocean water until the indicator changes colors. It should change two times.
5. As the color changes, record the pH at each different color.
Questions to Consider:
1. What was the initial color of the ocean water containing the indicator? What is the corresponding pH? Is that acidic, basic, or neutral?
2. What happened to the color as you blew through the straw?
3. What happened to the pH as you blew through the straw?
4. What is the identity of the gas being disseminated into the ocean water?
Conclusions:
1. Why did the pH change as you blew through the straw?
2. What are the implications of burning fossil fuels to the pH of the oceans?Why are these ideas a problem for ocean ecosystems?
3. Do you see any connection(s) between global warming and this activity?
Particulate Collection Activity
Timeline:
Tuesday - Brainstorm the sources of particulate pollution and make a decision about where to place samples.
Wednesday - Prepare and place samples in locations around the school. Prepare Schoenbein papers for ozone testing.
Thursday - Retrieve samples, and place Schoenbein papers for Ozone testing.
Friday - Retrieve Schoenbein papers and complete the Ocean Acidification lab
Tropospheric Ozone investigation in class on Wednesday.
Lab Report is due Wednesday 1.27.2016
Today, Monday, we will complete our online test for Chapter 15.
CHAPTER 16 AIR POLLUTION
Powerpoint
Chapter Overview
This chapter explains the different types of air pollution. Sources of air pollution, both natural and anthropogenic, are discussed in this chapter. The effects of air pollution are also considered as well as remediation and prevention of air pollutants.
Chapter 16 Case Study, "The Great London Smog," (pg 346) due Monday
Cornell Notes Questions and DOL are due Friday
Questions for Review
1. What are secondary pollutants and how are they formed from chemical reactions with primary pollutants?
2. What are natural sources of air quality degradation? What are anthropogenic sources of air pollution?
3. What is the difference between stratospheric ozone and tropospheric ozone?
4. Why is indoor air pollution more dangerous than outdoor air pollution? What is an example of one such pollutant in your house and what could you do to eliminate this pollutant from your indoor air?
Practice Questions
Multiple Choice:Directions for questions 1-5: The lettered choices below correspond to the descriptions given in questions 1-5. Select the one lettered choice that best fits each statement. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(A) NOx
(B) SOx
(C) O3
(D) CFCs
(E) VOCs
1. responsible for ozone depletion
2. shields Earth from UV rays
3. produced primarily by burning coal
4. produced primarily by fuel combustion in transportation
5. methane is one that is produced in rice paddies by bacteria
6. About 70% of airborne mercury is derived from all of the following EXCEPT
(A) burning coal
(B) smelting of metal ores
(C) mining
(D) waste incineration
(E) flooding behind a dam
7. In order for precipitation to be considered acidic, the pH of acid precipitation
must be _____________.
(A) below 7
(B) below 5.6
(C) between 4-6
(D) below 6.5
(E) between 6-7
Use the following graph to answer questions 8-10
8. What is one likely reason that all pollutants decreased with the exceptions of
nitrogen oxides and particulates?
(A) Population has decreased.
(B) All pollution has increased.
(C) Emissions criteria for all pollutants EXCEPT NOx and particulates have decreased.
(D) Economic activity has increased.
(E) Economic activity has decreased.
9. The primary reason for the decrease in CO is
(A) increased biofuel production
(B) increased fuel efficiency in cars
(C) electrostatic precipitators required at all power plants
(D) catalytic converters required on all cars
(E) smokestack scrubbers
10. With reference to the graphs, what is the significance of the date 1970?
(A) The Clean Air Act was ratified by Congress and signed into law by the President.
(B) The hippie generation started their war to save the environment.
(C) President Kennedy signed NEPA into law.
(D) Rachel Carson’s book told of the dangers of air pollutants.
(E) There was a general awareness of the dangers of pesticides.
Free-Response Question: During class Thursday
Directions: Answer all parts of the following question. Where explanation or discussion is required, support your answers with relevant information and/or specific examples. When a calculation is required, be sure to show how you arrived at your answer.
1. Heavy metals and other pollutants are products of our industrialized society.
(a) Identify TWO heavy metals.
(i) For one of the heavy metals identified in part (a), explain
how that substance finds its way into the human body.
(ii) For one of the heavy metals identified in part (a), describe
a possible health effect that results from exposure to that
substance.
(b) Identify TWO pollutants that result from burning fossil fuels.
You may not use any of the heavy metals you gave in part
(a).
(i) For one of the pollutants identified in part (b), identify an
environmental effect that results from that pollutant.
(ii) For one of the pollutants identified in part (b), explain
a method to reduce the production of that pollutant.
(c) Identify and describe ONE federal law that may help
regulate the pollutants described in the previous sections.
Ocean Acidification Activity complete in class Friday
Student:_________________________________________________
Procedure:
1. Put 50 mL of ocean water in a beaker.
2. Place a few drops of bromothymol blue into the ocean water. Record the color.
3. Use pH paper to record the initial pH of the ocean water. Create a data table for initial, middle, and final pH and color.
4. Using a straw, blow into the ocean water until the indicator changes colors. It should change two times.
5. As the color changes, record the pH at each different color.
Questions to Consider:
1. What was the initial color of the ocean water containing the indicator? What is the corresponding pH? Is that acidic, basic, or neutral?
2. What happened to the color as you blew through the straw?
3. What happened to the pH as you blew through the straw?
4. What is the identity of the gas being disseminated into the ocean water?
Conclusions:
1. Why did the pH change as you blew through the straw?
2. What are the implications of burning fossil fuels to the pH of the oceans?Why are these ideas a problem for ocean ecosystems?
3. Do you see any connection(s) between global warming and this activity?
Particulate Collection Activity
Timeline:
Tuesday - Brainstorm the sources of particulate pollution and make a decision about where to place samples.
Wednesday - Prepare and place samples in locations around the school. Prepare Schoenbein papers for ozone testing.
Thursday - Retrieve samples, and place Schoenbein papers for Ozone testing.
Friday - Retrieve Schoenbein papers and complete the Ocean Acidification lab
Tropospheric Ozone investigation in class on Wednesday.
Lab Report is due Wednesday 1.27.2016
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